#ARTIFACT MEANING FOR KIDS CODE#

C) ĭraws on oral histories, archival records, letters and diaries to analyze the circumstances, activities, and perceptions of Jewish children in Nazi Europe. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1991. Children With a Star: Jewish Youth in Nazi Europe. Talk to your local librarian for assistance.ĭwork, Deborah. The results of that search indicate all libraries in your area that own that particular title.

#ARTIFACT MEANING FOR KIDS CODE#

Follow the “Find in a library near you” link in each citation and enter your zip code at the Open WorldCat search screen. Those unable to visit might be able to find these works in a nearby public library or acquire them through interlibrary loan. Annotations are provided to help the user determine the item’s focus, and call numbers for the Museum’s Library are given in parentheses following each citation. The following bibliography was compiled to guide readers to selected materials on hidden children during the Holocaust that are in the Library’s collection. Even those children reunited with their families often bore psychological scars imparted from traumatic wartime experiences and perceived abandonment by their parents.

Many adult survivors after fruitless searching were never able to relocate their children. At the end of the war, many children were never told of their previous lives and prior identities, hindering attempts to reunite them with adult members of their birth families. Others, left abandoned, were forced to rely on their own resourcefulness in order to survive.įor many of those lucky enough to be sheltered by religious institutions or adopted by Gentile families, survival often came at the cost of their true identity. Even then, some children were moved from hiding place to hiding place, sometimes living for months or years in cramped spaces such as closets, attics, cellars, or even sewers. In hiding, these children faced obstacles such as being forced to hide physical characteristics, learning new languages and customs, or adopting a new name or identity. Many parents sent their children into hiding with Christian families or religious institutions where they hoped the child could pass as “Aryan,” others hid in attics or cellars with the constant threat of discovery by the authorities, and some were lucky enough to have false papers that eased their way into Gentile society. These hidden children faced a variety of difficult circumstances.

With identities disguised, and often physically concealed from the outside world, these youngsters faced constant fear, dilemmas, and danger. Among the small number of European Jewish children still alive at the end of the Holocaust, thousands had survived because they were hidden. Only 6 to 11% of Europe’s prewar Jewish population of children survived as compared with 33% of the adults. The Nazis targeted all Jews for death, but the mortality rate for children was especially high. The death toll exacted by the Nazi regime on the Jewish children of Europe is one of the most appalling chapters in the history of the Holocaust.

Artifact meaning for kids